Keywords¶

Keywords in nGQL are words with particular meanings, such as CREATE and TAG in the CREATE TAG statement. Keywords that require special processing to be used as identifiers are referred to as reserved keywords, while the part of keywords that can be used directly as identifiers are called non-reserved keywords.

It is not recommended to use keywords to identify schemas. If you must use keywords as identifiers, pay attention to the following restrictions:

To use reserved keywords or special characters as identifiers, you must enclose them with backticks (`), such as `AND`. Otherwise, a syntax error is thrown.

To use non-reserved keywords as identifiers:
- If the identifier contains any uppercase letter, you must enclose them with backticks (`), such as `Comment`. Otherwise, the execution succeeds but the system automatically converts the identifier to all lowercase.
- If the identifier contains all lowercase letters, you do not need to enclose them with backticks (`).

Note

Keywords are case-insensitive.

nebula> CREATE TAG TAG(name string);
[ERROR (-1004)]: SyntaxError: syntax error near `TAG'

nebula> CREATE TAG `TAG` (name string);
Execution succeeded

nebula> CREATE TAG SPACE(name string);
Execution succeeded

nebula> CREATE TAG 中文(简体 string);
Execution succeeded

nebula> CREATE TAG `￥%special characters&*+-*/` (`q~！（）=  wer` string);
Execution succeeded

Reserved keywords¶

ACROSS
ADD
ALTER
AND
AS
ASC
ASCENDING
BALANCE
BOOL
BY
CASE
CHANGE
COMPACT
CREATE
DATE
DATETIME
DELETE
DESC
DESCENDING
DESCRIBE
DISTINCT
DOUBLE
DOWNLOAD
DROP
DURATION
EDGE
EDGES
EXISTS
EXPLAIN
FALSE
FETCH
FIND
FIXED_STRING
FLOAT
FLUSH
FROM
GEOGRAPHY
GET
GO
GRANT
IF
IGNORE_EXISTED_INDEX
IN
INDEX
INDEXES
INGEST
INSERT
INT
INT16
INT32
INT64
INT8
INTERSECT
IS
JOIN
LEFT
LIST
LOOKUP
MAP
MATCH
MINUS
NO
NOT
NULL
OF
ON
OR
ORDER
OVER
OVERWRITE
PATH
PROP
REBUILD
RECOVER
REMOVE
RESTART
RETURN
REVERSELY
REVOKE
SET
SHOW
STEP
STEPS
STOP
STRING
SUBMIT
TAG
TAGS
TIME
TIMESTAMP
TO
TRUE
UNION
UNWIND
UPDATE
UPSERT
UPTO
USE
VERTEX
VERTICES
WHEN
WHERE
WITH
XOR
YIELD

Non-reserved keywords¶

ACCOUNT
ADMIN
AGENT
ALL
ALLSHORTESTPATHS
ANALYZER
ANY
ATOMIC_EDGE
AUTO
BASIC
BIDIRECT
BOTH
CHARSET
CLEAR
CLIENTS
COLLATE
COLLATION
COMMENT
CONFIGS
CONTAINS
DATA
DBA
DEFAULT
DIVIDE
DRAINER
DRAINERS
ELASTICSEARCH
ELSE
END
ENDS
ES_QUERY
FORCE
FORMAT
FULLTEXT
GOD
GRANTS
GRAPH
GROUP
GROUPS
GUEST
HDFS
HOST
HOSTS
HTTP
HTTPS
INTO
IP
JOB
JOBS
KILL
LEADER
LIMIT
LINESTRING
LISTENER
LOCAL
MERGE
META
NEW
NOLOOP
NONE
OFFSET
OPTIONAL
OUT
PART
PARTITION_NUM
PARTS
PASSWORD
PLAN
POINT
POLYGON
PROFILE
QUERIES
QUERY
READ
REDUCE
RENAME
REPLICA_FACTOR
RESET
ROLE
ROLES
S2_MAX_CELLS
S2_MAX_LEVEL
SAMPLE
SEARCH
SERVICE
SESSION
SESSIONS
SHORTEST
SHORTESTPATH
SIGN
SINGLE
SKIP
SNAPSHOT
SNAPSHOTS
SPACE
SPACES
STARTS
STATS
STATUS
STORAGE
SUBGRAPH
SYNC
TEXT
TEXT_SEARCH
THEN
TOP
TTL_COL
TTL_DURATION
USER
USERS
UUID
VALUE
VALUES
VARIABLES
VID_TYPE
WHITELIST
WRITE
ZONE
ZONES

Last update: November 10, 2023