UPSERT EDGE

The UPSERT statement is a combination of UPDATE and INSERT. You can use UPSERT EDGE to update the properties of an edge if it exists or insert a new edge if it does not exist.

The performance of UPSERT is much lower than that of INSERT because UPSERT is a read-modify-write serialization operation at the partition level.

Danger

Do not use UPSERT for scenarios with highly concurrent writes. You can use UPDATE or INSERT instead.

Syntax

UPSERT EDGE ON <edge_type>
<src_vid> -> <dst_vid> [@rank]
SET <update_prop>
[WHEN <condition>]
[YIELD <properties>]

Parameter	Required	Description	Example
ON <edge_type>	Yes	Specifies the edge type. The properties to be updated must be on this edge type.	ON serve
<src_vid>	Yes	Specifies the source vertex ID of the edge.	"player100"
<dst_vid>	Yes	Specifies the destination vertex ID of the edge.	"team204"
<rank>	No	Specifies the rank of the edge.	10
SET <update_prop>	Yes	Specifies the properties to be updated and how they will be updated.	SET start_year = start_year +1
WHEN <condition>	No	Specifies the filter conditions.	WHEN end_year < 2010
YIELD <output>	No	Specifies the output format of the statement.	YIELD start_year AS Start_Year

Insert an edge if it does not exist

If an edge does not exist, it is created no matter the conditions in the WHEN clause are met or not, and the SET clause takes effect. The property values of the new edge depend on:

• How the SET clause is defined.

• Whether the property has a default value.

For example, if:

• The edge to be inserted will have properties start_year and end_year based on the edge type serve.

• The SET clause specifies that end_year = 2021.

Then the property values in different cases are listed as follows:

Are WHEN conditions met	If properties have default values	Value of start_year	Value of end_year
Yes	Yes	The default value	2021
Yes	No	NULL	2021
No	Yes	The default value	2021
No	No	NULL	2021

Here are some examples:

// This example checks if the following three vertices have any outgoing serve edge. The result "Empty set" indicates that such an edge does not exist.
nebula> GO FROM "player666", "player667", "player668" \
        OVER serve \
        YIELD properties(edge).start_year, properties(edge).end_year;
+-----------------------------+---------------------------+
| properties(EDGE).start_year | properties(EDGE).end_year |
+-----------------------------+---------------------------+
+-----------------------------+---------------------------+
Empty set

nebula> UPSERT EDGE on serve \
        "player666" -> "team200"@0 \
        SET end_year = 2021 \
        WHEN end_year == 2010 \
        YIELD start_year, end_year;
+------------+----------+
| start_year | end_year |
+------------+----------+
| __NULL__   | 2021     |
+------------+----------+

nebula> UPSERT EDGE on serve \
        "player666" -> "team200"@0 \
        SET end_year = 2022 \
        WHEN end_year == 2010 \
        YIELD start_year, end_year;
+------------+----------+
| start_year | end_year |
+------------+----------+
| __NULL__   | 2021     |
+------------+----------+

nebula> UPSERT EDGE on serve \
        "player667" -> "team200"@0 \
        SET end_year = 2022 \
        YIELD start_year, end_year;
+------------+----------+
| start_year | end_year |
+------------+----------+
| __NULL__   | 2022     |
+------------+----------+

nebula> UPSERT EDGE on serve \
        "player668" -> "team200"@0 \
        SET start_year = 2000, end_year = end_year + 1 \
        YIELD start_year, end_year;
+------------+----------+
| start_year | end_year |
+------------+----------+
| 2000       | __NULL__ |
+------------+----------+

In the last query of the preceding example, since end_year has no default value, when the edge is created, end_year is NULL, and end_year = end_year + 1 does not take effect. But if end_year has a default value, end_year = end_year + 1 will take effect. For example:

nebula> CREATE EDGE IF NOT EXISTS serve_with_default(start_year int, end_year int DEFAULT 2010);
Execution succeeded

nebula> UPSERT EDGE on serve_with_default \
        "player668" -> "team200" \
        SET end_year = end_year + 1 \
        YIELD start_year, end_year;
+------------+----------+
| start_year | end_year |
+------------+----------+
| __NULL__   | 2011     |
+------------+----------+

Update an edge if it exists

If the edge exists and the WHEN conditions are met, the edge is updated.

nebula> MATCH (v:player{name:"Ben Simmons"})-[e:serve]-(v2) \
        RETURN e;
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| e                                                                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| [:serve "player149"->"team219" @0 {end_year: 2019, start_year: 2016}] |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

nebula> UPSERT EDGE on serve \
        "player149" -> "team219" \
        SET end_year = end_year + 1 \
        WHEN start_year == 2016 \
        YIELD start_year, end_year;
+------------+----------+
| start_year | end_year |
+------------+----------+
| 2016       | 2020     |
+------------+----------+

If the edge exists and the WHEN conditions are not met, the update does not take effect.

nebula> MATCH (v:player{name:"Ben Simmons"})-[e:serve]-(v2) \
        RETURN e;
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| e                                                                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| [:serve "player149"->"team219" @0 {end_year: 2020, start_year: 2016}] |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+


nebula> UPSERT EDGE on serve \
        "player149" -> "team219" \
        SET end_year = end_year + 1 \
        WHEN start_year != 2016 \
        YIELD start_year, end_year;
+------------+----------+
| start_year | end_year |
+------------+----------+
| 2016       | 2020     |
+------------+----------+

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Last update: February 1, 2023