RETURN¶

The RETURN clause defines the output of an nGQL query. To return multiple fields, separate them with commas.

RETURN can lead a clause or a statement:

A RETURN clause can work in openCypher statements in nGQL, such as MATCH or UNWIND.

A RETURN statement can work independently to output the result of an expression.

OpenCypher compatibility¶

This topic applies to the openCypher syntax in nGQL only. For native nGQL, use YIELD.

RETURN does not support the following openCypher features yet.

Return variables with uncommon characters, for example:

MATCH (`non-english_characters`:player) \
RETURN `non-english_characters`;

Set a pattern in the RETURN clause and return all elements that this pattern matches, for example:
```
MATCH (v:player) \
RETURN (v)-[e]->(v2);
```

Legacy version compatibility¶

In nGQL 1.x, RETURN works with native nGQL with the RETURN <var_ref> IF <var_ref> IS NOT NULL syntax.

In nGQL 2.0, RETURN does not work with native nGQL.

Map order description¶

When RETURN returns the map data structure, the order of key-value pairs is undefined.

nebula> RETURN {age: 32, name: "Marco Belinelli"};
+------------------------------------+
| {age:32,name:"Marco Belinelli"}    |
+------------------------------------+
| {age: 32, name: "Marco Belinelli"} |
+------------------------------------+

nebula> RETURN {zage: 32, name: "Marco Belinelli"};
+-------------------------------------+
| {zage:32,name:"Marco Belinelli"}    |
+-------------------------------------+
| {name: "Marco Belinelli", zage: 32} |
+-------------------------------------+

Return vertices¶

nebula> MATCH (v:player) \
        RETURN v;
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| v                                                             |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| ("player104" :player{age: 32, name: "Marco Belinelli"})       |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| ("player107" :player{age: 32, name: "Aron Baynes"})           |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| ("player116" :player{age: 34, name: "LeBron James"})          |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| ("player120" :player{age: 29, name: "James Harden"})          |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| ("player125" :player{age: 41, name: "Manu Ginobili"})         |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
...

Return edges¶

nebula> MATCH (v:player)-[e]->() \
        RETURN e;
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| e                                                                            |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| [:follow "player104"->"player100" @0 {degree: 55}]                           |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| [:follow "player104"->"player101" @0 {degree: 50}]                           |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| [:follow "player104"->"player105" @0 {degree: 60}]                           |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| [:serve "player104"->"team200" @0 {end_year: 2009, start_year: 2007}]        |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| [:serve "player104"->"team208" @0 {end_year: 2016, start_year: 2015}]        |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
...

Return properties¶

To return a vertex or edge property, use the {<vertex_name>|<edge_name>}.<property> syntax.

nebula> MATCH (v:player) \
        RETURN v.name, v.age \
        LIMIT 3;
+-------------------+-------+
| v.name            | v.age |
+-------------------+-------+
| "Rajon Rondo"     | 33    |
+-------------------+-------+
| "Rudy Gay"        | 32    |
+-------------------+-------+
| "Dejounte Murray" | 29    |
+-------------------+-------+

Return all elements¶

To return all the elements that this pattern matches, use an asterisk (*).

nebula> MATCH (v:player{name:"Tim Duncan"}) \
        RETURN *;
+----------------------------------------------------+
| v                                                  |
+----------------------------------------------------+
| ("player100" :player{age: 42, name: "Tim Duncan"}) |
+----------------------------------------------------+

nebula> MATCH (v:player{name:"Tim Duncan"})-[e]->(v2) \
        RETURN *;
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| v                                                  | e                                                                     | v2                                                    |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| ("player100" :player{age: 42, name: "Tim Duncan"}) | [:follow "player100"->"player101" @0 {degree: 95}]                    | ("player101" :player{age: 36, name: "Tony Parker"})   |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| ("player100" :player{age: 42, name: "Tim Duncan"}) | [:follow "player100"->"player125" @0 {degree: 95}]                    | ("player125" :player{age: 41, name: "Manu Ginobili"}) |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| ("player100" :player{age: 42, name: "Tim Duncan"}) | [:serve "player100"->"team204" @0 {end_year: 2016, start_year: 1997}] | ("team204" :team{name: "Spurs"})                      |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+

Rename a field¶

Use the AS <alias> syntax to rename a field in the output.

nebula> MATCH (v:player{name:"Tim Duncan"})-[:serve]->(v2) \
        RETURN v2.name AS Team;
+---------+
| Team    |
+---------+
| "Spurs" |
+---------+

nebula> RETURN "Amber" AS Name;
+---------+
| Name    |
+---------+
| "Amber" |
+---------+

Return a non-existing property¶

If a property matched does not exist, NULL is returned.

nebula> MATCH (v:player{name:"Tim Duncan"})-[e]->(v2) \
        RETURN v2.name, type(e), v2.age;
+-----------------+----------+----------+
| v2.name         | type(e)  | v2.age   |
+-----------------+----------+----------+
| "Tony Parker"   | "follow" | 36       |
+-----------------+----------+----------+
| "Manu Ginobili" | "follow" | 41       |
+-----------------+----------+----------+
| "Spurs"         | "serve"  | __NULL__ |
+-----------------+----------+----------+

Return expression results¶

To return the results of expressions such as literals, functions, or predicates, set them in a RETURN clause.

nebula> MATCH (v:player{name:"Tony Parker"})-->(v2:player) \
        RETURN DISTINCT v2.name, "Hello"+" graphs!", v2.age > 35;
+---------------------+------------------+-------------+
| v2.name             | (Hello+ graphs!) | (v2.age>35) |
+---------------------+------------------+-------------+
| "Tim Duncan"        | "Hello graphs!"  | true        |
+---------------------+------------------+-------------+
| "LaMarcus Aldridge" | "Hello graphs!"  | false       |
+---------------------+------------------+-------------+
| "Manu Ginobili"     | "Hello graphs!"  | true        |
+---------------------+------------------+-------------+

nebula> RETURN 1+1;
+-------+
| (1+1) |
+-------+
| 2     |
+-------+

nebula> RETURN 3 > 1;
+-------+
| (3>1) |
+-------+
| true  |
+-------+

RETURN 1+1, rand32(1, 5);
+-------+-------------+
| (1+1) | rand32(1,5) |
+-------+-------------+
| 2     | 1           |
+-------+-------------+

Return unique fields¶

Use DISTINCT to remove duplicate fields in the result set.

# Before using DISTINCT.
nebula> MATCH (v:player{name:"Tony Parker"})--(v2:player) \
        RETURN v2.name, v2.age;
+---------------------+--------+
| v2.name             | v2.age |
+---------------------+--------+
| "Tim Duncan"        | 42     |
+---------------------+--------+
| "LaMarcus Aldridge" | 33     |
+---------------------+--------+
| "Marco Belinelli"   | 32     |
+---------------------+--------+
| "Boris Diaw"        | 36     |
+---------------------+--------+
| "Dejounte Murray"   | 29     |
+---------------------+--------+
| "Tim Duncan"        | 42     |
+---------------------+--------+
| "LaMarcus Aldridge" | 33     |
+---------------------+--------+
| "Manu Ginobili"     | 41     |
+---------------------+--------+

# After using DISTINCT.
nebula> MATCH (v:player{name:"Tony Parker"})--(v2:player) \
        RETURN DISTINCT v2.name, v2.age;
+---------------------+--------+
| v2.name             | v2.age |
+---------------------+--------+
| "Tim Duncan"        | 42     |
+---------------------+--------+
| "LaMarcus Aldridge" | 33     |
+---------------------+--------+
| "Marco Belinelli"   | 32     |
+---------------------+--------+
| "Boris Diaw"        | 36     |
+---------------------+--------+
| "Dejounte Murray"   | 29     |
+---------------------+--------+
| "Manu Ginobili"     | 41     |
+---------------------+--------+

Last update: August 30, 2021